Race logic synthesis for large-scale integrated circuit designs

ABSTRACT

Techniques for performing race logic synthesis on an integrated circuit (IC) are described herein. According to one aspect of the invention, HDL (hardware description language) and/or ESL (electronic system level) design source files of an IC design are compiled into a common design database. Race logic analysis is performed on the IC design, either by a third-party tool or by the same EDA (electronic design automation) tool that also performing race logic synthesis, if the latter has built-in race logic audit functions. Based on the race logic audit results, race logic synthesis is performed on the common design database, and getting rid of all identified race logic in the IC design. This renders the EDA tool can perform concurrent analysis of the IC design, via the race-free common design database, using multi-CPU/core computers and the results will be the same as if the EDA tool had performed serial analysis of the IC design using a single-CPU/core computer. Another aspect of the invention is outputting the re-synthesized logic in the common design database to new HDL/ESL source files. User may use these revised source files to analyze the IC design using other third-party EDA design/verification tools.

This applicant claims priority based on provisional patent application No. 61/359,927 as filed on Jun. 30, 2010.

1. INTRODUCTION

With rapid advances of semiconductor process technologies, large-scale IC chips now contain hundreds of billions of logic gates, and their density is growing exponentially. Most of these new IC chips are ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), SoC (System-on-Chip) and custom IC designs. Most of the advanced IC designs employ off-the-shelf intellectual property (IP) blocks from different vendors that are stitched together to form new designs. This practice of reusing pre-verified IP blocks saves new IC products development times and costs, and shortens time to market. Most IC designs are coded in HDL (Verilog, VHDL) and/or ESL (SystemVerilog, SystemC) design languages. Moreover, HDL/ESL EDA tools, like static timing analyzers, logic simulators and formal verification tools are commonly employed by IC designers to verify their new IC circuits' functionalities and timings, prior to tape-out of their designs. Due to the increasing complexity and density of large-scale IC designs, functional verification of advanced IC designs now represent over 70% of a new product development time, and it will get worse as the semiconductor process technology continues to advance further in deep submicron scale (e.g., 28 nm and below).

To accelerate the verification of nanometer-scale IC circuits, multithreaded/multi-CPU HDL/ESL EDA verification tools are now available to aid IC designers to significantly reduce their IC development time by an order of magnitude or more. Table 1 lists some commercially available HDL/ESL logic simulators that can run on multi-CPU/core computers.

TABLE 1 List of Commercial Multi-CPU/core HDL/ESL Simulators Product Name Vendor HDL/ESL language supported V2Sim Dynetix Design Verilog, VHDL, SystemVerilog, Solutions Inc SystemC VCS-Multicore Synopsys Inc Verilog, VHDL, SystemVerilog, SystemC, OpenVera MPSIM AXIOM Design Verilog, SystemVerilog, SystemC, Automation Inc OpenVera

Due to the increasingly common practice of integrating IP blocks from different sources to speed-up the development of a new IC, race logic will inevitably be introduced into the IC circuit. Race logic is any logic circuitry that behaves differently when it is being executed in different order. Race logic is described in detailed in the RACE LOGIC DESCRIPTION AND RACE LOGIC AUDIT TOOLS section. If race logic is not detected and eliminated in an IC circuit, it will cause an EDA tool's analysis results on a 1-CPU computer to be different from that by the same tool for the same circuit on multi-CPU/core computers. Added to that, the multi-CPU/core analysis results for the same IC design by the same EDA tool may be different across different runs, due to parallel events/logic are being evaluated in different order in different runs. Furthermore, the presence of race logic may cause the corresponding IC chips to manifest intermittent failures on the field and may render product recalls. Thus, race logic in IC designs must be detected and eliminated, to ensure that any HDL/ESL EDA tools, on 1- or multi-CPU/core computers, can consistently verify the design and the corresponding IC chips will not manifest intermittent failures in the field.

However, if race logic is in third-party IP blocks, then IC designers cannot fix the race logic in those IP's. Thus, it is important that all race logic in a compiled design database for an IC design be detected, and that they can be automatically be eliminated by the EDA tool. This is to ensure the EDA tool's 1- and multi-CPU analysis results for the IC are the same, so that IC designers can use the multithreaded EDA tool to accelerate the analysis/verification of the IC designs and reduce time to market of their new ICs.

This invention describes a set of state-of-the-art race logic synthesis technologies that can re-synthesize and eliminate race logic in a compiled IC design database that is created by an EDA tool. The EDA tool may be a multithreaded/multi-CPU HDL/ESL logic simulator. The technologies do not detect race logic, as there are already a host of commercial HDL/ESL race logic analysis tools that can detect race logic (see Table 2). Thus the technologies described herein expect the race logic information for an IC design-under-test is provided by either user or by the host EDA tool.

TABLE 2 Commercial Race Logic Audit Tools Product Vendor Race Logic Analysis Simulation RaceCheck Dynetix Design Solutions Static and dynamic Yes Inc V2Sim Dynetix Design Solutions Static Yes Inc Spyglass Altrenta Inc Static No Indigo Blue Pearl Software Inc Static No VCS Synopsys Inc Static and dynamic Yes

Note that whereas logic synthesis refers to technology that maps an IC design's behavioral and/or register transfer level (RTL) logic to gate-level logic, the race logic synthesis technology described herein does not map an IC design's behavioral/RTL logic to gate-level logic, rather it replaces an IC design behavioral/RTL logic that have race issues with an equivalent but race-free behavioral/RTL logic. Furthermore, the race logic synthesis technology can be incorporated into any kind of EDA design and/or verification tools, such as HDL/ESL logic simulators, fault simulators, automatic test generation tools, static timing analyzers and formal verification tools.

The race logic synthesis technologies can be incorporated into any single- or multi-threaded EDA tool, such as a HDL/ESL multithreaded logic simulator or a fault simulator. FIG. 1 depicts the process flow of the verification of a large-scale IC by an EDA tool that can perform race logic synthesis. Specifically, the tool compiles the IC design's HDL/ESL source files and creates a design database. Race logic audit results for the IC design are either provided by users to the EDA tool, or they can be automatically generated by the tool's built-in race logic audit function (if available). The race logic synthesis functions that are incorporated in the tool are then invoked to re-synthesize and eliminate the race logic in the compiled design database. As a user option, the modified logic may be output to one or more HDL/ESL source files for users to review. After all the aforementioned processes are performed, the EDA tool may then perform analysis/verification of the IC design, based on the re-synthesized design database, on either 1- or multi-CPU/core computer.

As an alternative to the above, the race logic synthesis technologies can be made into a stand-alone tool that will compile an IC design and create a design database, obtain race logic information of the IC design from user, then perform race logic synthesis on the design database to eliminate the race logic. In the end, the tool will output the modified IC logic to one or more HDL/ESL source files. User may then take the re-synthesized HDL/ESL source files and verify the race-free IC design using any third-party EDA verification tools.

In the following description, a “host” EDA tool is the EDA tool that incorporates the race logic synthesis functions. Moreover, the tool compiles an IC design source files and creates a design database, and then it invokes the race logic synthesis functions to resolve race logic in the database. A “target” EDA tool is an EDA tool that performs the similar design/verification functions as the host EDA tool. The target EDA tool could be the host EDA tool, or a similar tool from a third party vendor. The target EDA tool's 1-CPU analysis results for an IC design are the reference that the race logic synthesis functions will be based on to re-synthesize an IC design database. The modified design database will render the host EDA tool to produce the same analysis results as the target EDA tool for the IC design, on multi-CPU/core computers. The choice of the target EDA tool can be specified by user to the host EDA tool.

In the following sections, section 2 describes all the figures for this invention. Section 3 describes the race logic commonly found in IC designs, and the commercial tools that can audit the race logic. Section 4 depicts the invention's technologies in detail. The final section depicts the claims for the race logic synthesis technologies.

2. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows the process flow of compiling an IC design's HDL/ESL source files into a design database by a host EDA tool. Race logic audit results for the IC design are fed to the race logic synthesis functions that are built-in to the EDA tool. The race logic synthesis functions re-synthesize and eliminate all the identified race logic in the IC design database, the host EDA tool then performs analysis on the race-free design database and output the analysis results to user. Furthermore, per user request, the re-synthesized logic could be written out by the race logic synthesis functions to new HDL/ESL source files.

FIG. 2 shows the first example of concurrent assignment race logic.

FIG. 3 shows the first example of concurrent assignment and reference race logic.

FIG. 4 shows the first example of concurrent invocation race logic.

FIG. 5 shows the first example of concurrent invocation race logic with the Verilog $random system function.

FIG. 6 shows example of data records that contain identified race logic information for an IC design. The data record may be generated by a third party race logic audit tool. The host EDA tool parses these data records and sends the race logic data to the race logic synthesis functions for resolution. The race logic synthesis functions are incorporated into the host EDA tool.

FIG. 7 shows the first example of the elimination of concurrent assignment race logic as depicted in FIG. 2.

FIG. 8 shows the second example of the elimination of concurrent assignment race logic as depicted in FIG. 2.

FIG. 9 shows the third example of the elimination of concurrent assignment race logic as depicted in FIG. 2.

FIG. 10 shows the second example of concurrent assignment race logic involving the posedge and negedge of a signal clk.

FIG. 11 shows the re-synthesized logic for the logic depicted in FIG. 10 that has no concurrent assignment race. This is for a target EDA tool that executes event blocks in the same order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.

FIG. 12 shows the re-synthesized logic for the logic depicted in FIG. 10 that has no concurrent assignment race. This is for a target EDA tool that executes event blocks in the reverse order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.

FIG. 13 shows the third example of concurrent assignment race where a signal ack is being assigned and then referenced in two different process blocks concurrently.

FIG. 14 shows the re-synthesized logic for FIG. 13, where the signal ack is duplicated in each of its two driving process blocks to eliminate the concurrent assignment race logic.

FIG. 15 shows the fourth example of concurrent assignment race logic, where three continuous assignment statements drive non-overlapping bits of signal y.

FIG. 16 shows the re-synthesized logic of that of FIG. 15 where the three concurrent drivers for signal y are being replaced by a single concurrent assignment statement. The new logic has no concurrent assignment race issue.

FIG. 17 shows the first example of the elimination of concurrent assignment/reference race logic as shown in FIG. 3, where the assignment to signal x in the process block at line 2 has been changed to non-blocking assignment type. This renders the assignment of signal x is always performed after it has been referenced by the process block at line 3 in FIG. 3.

FIG. 18 shows the second example of the elimination of concurrent assignment/reference race logic as shown in FIG. 3, where a target EDA tool executes event blocks in the same order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.

FIG. 19 shows the third example of the elimination of concurrent assignment/reference race logic as shown in FIG. 3, where a target EDA tool executes event blocks in the reverse order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.

FIG. 20 depicts another example of concurrent assignment/reference race logic where the triggering signals are clk and p.

FIG. 21 shows the elimination of concurrent assignment/reference race logic as shown in FIG. 20, where a target EDA tool executes event blocks in the same order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.

FIG. 22 shows another example of eliminating concurrent assignment/reference race logic as shown in FIG. 20, where a target EDA tool executes event blocks in the reverse order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.

FIG. 23 shows an example of elimination of the concurrent invocation race logic as depicted in FIG. 4.

FIG. 24 shows an alternative example of elimination of concurrent invocation race logic as depicted in FIG. 4.

FIG. 25 shows the second example of concurrent invocation race where the event blocks are triggered by the signals clk and p.

FIG. 26 shows the elimination of concurrent invocation race for the logic depicted in FIG. 25, and where a target EDA tool executes event blocks in the same order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.

FIG. 27 shows an alternative method for elimination of concurrent invocation race for the logic as depicted in FIG. 25, and where a target EDA tool executes event blocks in the reverse order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.

FIG. 28 shows the first example of the elimination of concurrent invocation race logic involving the Verilog $random system function as depicted in FIG. 5.

FIG. 29 shows the second example of the elimination of concurrent invocation race logic involving the Verilog $random system function as depicted in FIG. 5.

FIG. 30 shows the second example of concurrent invocation race for the Verilog $random system function.

FIG. 31 shows the first example of the elimination of concurrent invocation race logic as depicted in FIG. 30, where a target EDA tool executes event blocks in the same order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.

FIG. 32 shows the second example of the elimination of concurrent invocation race logic as depicted in FIG. 30, where a target EDA tool executes event blocks in the reverse order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.

FIG. 33 shows an example of two event blocks that render concurrent assignment race for signal x, and they also drive signals y and z. The two event blocks can be re-synthesized to get rid of the concurrent assignment race logic.

FIG. 34 shows the race logic synthesis results of the modules as depicted in FIG. 33 that have no concurrent invocation race logic. The new modules can be written out to a HDL/ESL file.

FIG. 35 shows an example of two event blocks that render concurrent assignment and reference race logic for signal x, and they also drive signals y and z. The two event blocks can be re-synthesized to get rid of the concurrent assignment and reference race logic.

FIG. 36 shows the race logic synthesis results of the modules as depicted in FIG. 35 that have no concurrent assignment and reference race logic. The new modules can be written out to a HDL/ESL file.

FIG. 37 shows the third example of two event blocks that render concurrent invocation race of the Verilog $random system function. The two event blocks can be re-synthesized to get rid of the concurrent invocation race logic.

FIG. 38 shows the race logic synthesis results of the modules as depicted in FIG. 37 that have no concurrent invocation race of the Verilog $random system function. The new modules can be written out to a HDL/ESL file.

FIG. 39 shows an example of two event blocks that render concurrent invocation race for an IO stream. The two event blocks can be re-synthesized to get rid of the concurrent invocation race logic.

FIG. 40 shows the race logic synthesis results of the modules as depicted in FIG. 39 that have no concurrent invocation race for an IO stream. The new modules can be written out to a HDL/ESL file.

3. RACE LOGIC DESCRIPTION AND RACE LOGIC AUDIT TOOLS

Race logic is any logic circuitry in an IC design that behaves differently when it is being executed in different order. The most common kinds of race logic found in IC designs are:

-   -   Concurrent assignment race logic     -   Concurrent assignment and reference race logic     -   Concurrent invocation race of user- or system-defined         functions/tasks that may concurrently modify/reference one or         more system resources (e.g., IO streams) or global variables

Refer to FIG. 2 for an example of concurrent assignment race logic. Note that when the signal clk in FIG. 2 changes state from ‘0’ to ‘1’, both event blocks at line 2 and line 3 are active, and the signal x is assigned a ‘1’ and a ‘0’ value simultaneously. Thus, the actual value assigned to x is depending on which event block is executed last.

Refer to FIG. 3 for an example of a concurrent assignment and reference race logic. Note that when the signal clk changes state from ‘0’ to ‘1’, if the event block at line 2 is executed before the event block at line 3, signal y will get the incremented value of signal x. However, if the event block at line 3 is executed prior to that of event block at line 2, then signal y will be assigned the non-incremented value of x. Thus, the actual value assigned to y is in-determinant.

Refer to FIG. 4 for an example of a concurrent invocation race of user- or system-defined functions/tasks. Note that the two event blocks in FIG. 4 may perform concurrent read and write of data to the same file, via the same file descriptor fd. The result is in-determinant data are being read from and written to the file.

Refer to FIG. 5 for another example of a concurrent invocation race of user- and system-defined functions/tasks. In this example, the Verilog system function $random is called to return a random integer value. The $random function modifies a system-defined global variable seed at each invocation, so that the return values for subsequent invocations of the $random function will be different values. However, if the two event blocks in FIG. 5 are active at the same time and concurrently call the $random function, the values assigned to the signal x and y are in-determinant.

There are commercial HDL/ESL analysis tools and HDL/ESL simulators that can audit race logic. These tools are described in Table 2. Note that all the tools depicted in Table 2 can perform static race logic analysis on IC designs. This means the tools can detect all possible race logic in an IC design based on the logic information in the design database. No test vector is needed, and logic simulation is not performed in the static race logic analysis. The drawback of this approach is some race logic identified may not actually be manifested in real life operations of IC chips. Hence some static race logic audit results may be false positive. Two tools depicted in Table 2 (RaceCheck and VCS) can also perform dynamic race logic analysis. These tools perform logic simulation on an IC design, based on test vectors provided by IC designer or verification engineer, and they report all race logic detected throughout the simulation. The advantages of dynamic race logic analysis are: it reports only detectable race logic in an IC design, and the simulation time when race logic occurs. Thus dynamic race logic analysis yields more accurate results than static race logic analysis. However, the dynamic race logic analysis drawbacks are: long analysis time and their result accuracy is dependent on the quality of the user-supplied test vectors.

4. DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ARTS

Race logic has been overlooked by most IC designers, and most HDL/ESL design verification tools, like logic simulators and formal verification tools, do not audit race logic. Static timing analyzers perform setup and hold timing checks, which are a form of detecting concurrent assignment and reference race logic, but they do not check for other types of race logic.

IC designers and verification engineers traditionally handle race logic by running race logic audit tools on the new IC circuits, and they manually fix any identified race logic in their circuits. This approach fails when race logic is in third party IP blocks, and that IC designers cannot fix the IP's due to either they have no authority to do so or the IP blocks are encrypted by the IP vendors.

There has been no published works on race logic synthesis of IC designs. Thus, this invention is the first of its kind to describe a set of technologies that can directly fix identified race logic in an EDA tools' compiled design database for an IC circuit. The EDA tool could be a HDL/ESL simulator, a formal verification tool or a static timing analyzer. The technologies are applicable for any IC designs, such as ASIC, SoC, FPGA and custom IC. Furthermore, the technologies can be incorporated into different types of IC design and verification tools, which use different proprietary database formats.

Finally, there have been no published works on directing the race logic synthesis functions to write out re-synthesized, race-free IC logic to new HDL/ESL source files, so that users may use that to verify their IC designs using third party verification tools.

5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 depicts the process flow of an EDA tool that has incorporated the race logic synthesis functions. Specifically, the tool may run on any one- or multi-CPU/core computer, that runs operating systems including, but no limited to Linux, UNIX, or Windows.

The EDA tool may support IC designs coded in one or a plurality of hardware design languages, including but not limited to Verilog, VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language), SystemVerilog, SystemC, Property Specification Language (PSL), OpenVera, C and C/++. For each IC circuit to be verified, the tool compiles the IC design source files into a proprietary design database. The IC design is then audited for race logic, either by a third party race logic analysis tool or by the host EDA tool itself—if the latter has built-in race logic audit functions. The detected race logic information for the IC circuit is passed on to the race logic synthesis functions that are built-in to the host EDA tool. The race logic synthesis functions re-synthesize the identified race logic in the design database to resolve all the race issues. After that, the host EDA tool can carry out analysis/verification of the IC design based on the modified design database.

Race logic in the IC may be detected by a third party race logic audit tool, or by the host EDA tool. If a third party race logic audit tool is used, the identified race logic are depicted in a textual report file, and the host EDA tool will provide a parser to extract the race logic data from the report file into binary data that are passed on to the race logic synthesis functions. On the other hand, if the host EDA tool can detect race logic of an IC design by itself, then the identified race logic data are passed directly to the race logic synthesis functions from the host EDA tool.

FIG. 6 depicts an example format for race logic data that could be passed to the race logic synthesis functions. Each race logic record stores one race logic data, and it consists of a race logic type and a set of object specification. The race logic type is represented by a keyword as depicted in Table 3.

TABLE 3 Race Logic Type Keywords for a Race Logic Data Record Race logic type keyword Race logic Represented CS Concurrent assignment race logic CSR Concurrent assignment and reference race logic CI Concurrent invocation race logic

In addition to the race logic type keyword, a race logic data record also contains object specification information. Table 4 depicts an example format of race logic object specification.

TABLE 4 Example Format of Race Logic Object specification Race logic object specification Data specified S=<signal name> S = specifies a signal/register name in an IC design F=[<source_file>,]<function F = specifies a function name and an name> optional source file name P=<source file>,<line P = specifies a source file name and Number>[,<function name>] start line number or an event block, optionally specifies a function name

For the race logic depicted in FIG. 2, the race logic data record for the signal x will be:

-   -   CS S=test.x P=/project/IC/a.v,2 P=/project/IC/a.v,3         Where “CS” indicates the data record is for concurrent         assignment race logic. The S=test.x specifies the concurrent         assignment race occurs on the register test.x. Finally, the         P=a.v,2 and P=a.v,3 represent the event blocks in the source         file /project/IC/a.v, at line 2 and line 3 respectively, are the         concurrent driving blocks for test.x. Note an event block may be         an “always” block in Verilog and SystemVerilog, or a “process”         block in VHDL. If an IC design has only one source file, then         user may skip the file name specification for the P=field (e.g,         P=2 P=3).

For the race logic depicted in FIG. 3, the race logic data record for signal x will be:

-   -   CSR S=test.x P=/project/IC/a.v,2 P=/project/IC/a.v,3         Where “CSR” indicates the data record is for concurrent         assignment and reference race logic. The S=test.x specifies the         concurrent assignment and reference race occurs on the signal         test.x. Finally, the P=a.v,2 and P=a.v,3 represent the event         blocks in the source file /project/IC/a.v, at line 2 and line 3         respectively, that are involved in the concurrent assignment and         reference race logic. The race logic synthesis functions can         determine which event block is driving test.x, and which event         block is driven by test.x, via the design database.

For the race logic depicted in FIG. 4. the race logic data record for the file descriptor fd will be:

-   -   CI S=test.fd P=a.v,2,$write P=a.v,3,$read         Where “CI” indicates the data record is for concurrent         invocation race logic. The S=test.fd specifies the concurrent         invocation race occurs on test.fd. and the P=a.v,2,$write and         P=a.v,3,$read represent the race occurs via the $read and $write         functions, that are invoked by the event blocks in the source         file a.v, at line 2 and line 3, respectively. From the design         database, the race logic synthesis functions can determine that         the $write function writes data to the IO stream as referenced         by test.fd, and the $read function reads data from the IO stream         as referenced by test.fd.

For the race logic depicted in FIG. 5, the race logic data record is:

-   -   CI F=$random, P=a.v,2, P=a.v,3         Where “CI” indicates the data record is for concurrent         invocation race logic. The F=$random specifies the concurrent         invocation race occurs for the system function $random, and the         event blocks responsible for the concurrent invocation race are         in the source file a.v, at line 2 and line 3, respectively. Note         that if a function (task) is user-defined, then user may specify         the source file name of the function (task) in the F=field:     -   F=/project/IC/my_random.v,$my_random

Besides the aforementioned race logic data records that are being passed to the race logic synthesis functions, user may also specify whether event blocks are executed in the same or reverse order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files, as per the target EDA tool. By default, the execution order of event blocks is pre-determined based on the host EDA tool's behavior as executed on a 1-CPU computer. But user may override that to be the behavior of a third-party target EDA tool instead, so that the re-synthesized design database will render the host EDA tool to behave like the target EDA tool.

The following sections will depict the detailed race logic synthesis technologies for the race logic commonly found in large-scale IC designs.

5.1 Race Logic Synthesis for Concurrent Assignment Race

For a register that has been identified as being driven concurrently by two or more event blocks or concurrent assignment statements, merge those blocks/assignment statements into one event block, so as to impose a deterministic driving order for the register. The event blocks and/or assignment statements may be located in the same design module, or they could be located in different design modules that are placed in the same or different source files. Note that if two event blocks drive a same register concurrently with a blocking and a non-blocking assignment, then there is no concurrent assignment race issue, as the non-blocking assignment is always executed after the blocking assignment. However, if the register is driven by all blocking or all non-blocking assignment statements in two or more event blocks or concurrent assignment statements, then there is a concurrent assignment race issue for the register with respect to those event blocks/concurrent assignment statements.

Refer to FIG. 2, the register x is driven by the event blocks at line 2 and line 3 respectively. The two event blocks are triggered by the positive-edge (posedge) of clk and any edge (anyedge) of clk, respectively. Thus, when clk changes state from ‘0’ to 1′ (a posedge event), both the event blocks at line 2 and line 3 will be executed concurrently, and they will assign register x the value of ‘1’ or ‘0’, respectively. The actual value assigned to x will be determined by which event block is executed last in the IC circuit, or the order of execution of event blocks by the target EDA tool. The target EDA tool by default is the host EDA tool that has incorporated the race logic synthesis functions. But user may specify a different target tool as a reference for the race logic synthesis functions, so that the re-synthesized logic will render the host EDA tool to yield analysis results that are the same as that by the target EDA tool.

If there are only two event blocks that could concurrently driving the same register, and both of them use blocking (or non-blocking) assignments to drive the register (as shown in FIG. 2, where both event blocks use blocking assignments to drive register x), then if one of those event blocks does not reference the register's value, the driving statement for the register in that event block can be changed to non-blocking (or blocking) assignment, this will eliminate the concurrent assignment race logic, as the two event blocks will now drive the register in deterministic order. FIG. 7 depicts a resolution to the concurrent assignment race logic for FIG. 2, where the assignment to register x in the event block at line 3 is changed to a non-blocking assignment. Thus, when signal clk changes states from ‘1’ (or ‘X’) to ‘0’ (a negedge event), the register x will be assigned with signal d value first, then it is assigned the value ‘0’ afterward. This method will not work if there are more than two concurrent driving event blocks/statements to a register, or the logic is coded in a design language that does not support non-blocking assignment (e.g., VHDL, SystemC).

As another method to resolve concurrent assignment race logic, if the target EDA tool always executes event blocks in the same order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files, then the race logic in FIG. 2 can be re-synthesized to the logic as shown in FIG. 8, where the register x is assigned a value of ‘0’ whenever the signal clk changes state. This is because when the target EDA tool is running on a 1-CPU/core computer, when clk changes state from ‘0’ to ‘1’, the event block at line 2 is executed first, which assigns a value of ‘1’ to x, then the event block at line 3 is executed next, and it assigns a value of ‘0’ to x. The net effect is register x is set to ‘0’. On the other hand, when clk changes state from any other logic value (e.g., from ‘1’ to ‘0’), only the event block at line 3 will be triggered, and it assigns the value ‘0’ to x. Hence the overall effect is x is assigned a value of ‘0’ whenever clk changes states.

However, if the target EDA tool always executes event blocks in the reverse order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files, then the race logic in FIG. 2 can be re-synthesized to the logic as shown in FIG. 9. Specifically, when the target EDA tool is running on 1-CPU/core computer, when clk changes state from ‘0’ to ‘1’, the execution of the event block at line 2 will override that of event block at line 3. But if clk changes state to any other value (e.g., from ‘1’ to ‘0’), then only the event block at line 3 is triggered. Hence the logic in FIG. 9 captures the overall logic of the two event blocks in FIG. 2, according to the positive-edge and non-positive edge event of clk, respectively.

The general race synthesis methods for concurrent assignment race are:

-   -   (a) If there are only two event blocks driving a register or         signal, and they both use blocking (or non-blocking) assignment         statements to drive the register/signal, and one of them only         drives the register/signal only, then change the assignment         statements in that event block for the register/signal to be         non-blocking (or blocking) assignments. This will impose a         deterministic order for the assignments to the register or         signal, and the concurrent assignment race logic is resolved.         This method is applicable only if the event blocks are coded in         a design language that supports blocking and non-blocking         assignments (e.g. Verilog, SystemVerilog), and there are only         two driving event blocks for the register/signal.     -   (b) For two or more event blocks that are identified to be         involved in concurrent assignment race for a register or signal,         collect the trigger signals for each of these event blocks.         Merge these trigger signals to form a new triggering signal list         for a new event block. If a signal is the trigger signal for two         or more event blocks, merge them into a single event block         according to its triggering edge for each event block as shown         in Table 5.

TABLE 5 Merge triggering signals for the new event blocks Trigger edge for Trigger edge for event block 2 event Block 1 Posedge x Negedge x Anyedge x Posedge x Posedge x Anyedge x Anyedge x Negedge x Anyege x Negedge x Anyedge x Anyedge x Anyedge x Anyedge x Anyedge x

-   -    For example, if two event blocks are triggered by the posedge         (or negedge) of a signal x, then the merged event block will be         triggered by the posedge (or negedge) of signal x. On the other         hand, if the two event blocks are triggered by posedge (or         negedge) and anyedge of signal x, respectively, then the new         merged event block will be triggered by anyedge of signal x.         Finally, if two event blocks are triggered by the posedge and         negedge of a signal x, respectively, then there is no race logic         render by these two event blocks (as they will be executed at         opposite edges of signal x), unless the two event blocks are         also triggered by one or more other signals at compatible active         edges (e.g. the two event blocks are also triggered by the same         posedge or negedge of signal y, or the event blocks are         triggered by the posedge and anyedge of signal y, respectively).     -   (c) If two event blocks are triggered by the same signal with         the same trigger edge, copy the logic from the two event blocks         to the merged event block, in the same order as the target EDA         tool executes event blocks. For example, if event block x is         specified before event y an IC's design source files, and the         target EDA tool executes event blocks in the same order as they         are specified in design source files, then the new merged event         block will contain the logic for event block x first, then the         logic for event block y. However, if the target EDA tool         executes event blocks in the reverse order as they are specified         in design source files, then the merged event block will contain         the logic for event blocky first, then followed by the logic for         event block x.     -   (d) If two event blocks x and y are triggered by the posedge (or         negedge) and the anyedge of a signal z, respectively, then the         merged event block will be triggered by the anyedge of z.         Furthermore, if x is specified before y in the design source         files, and the target EDA tool executes event blocks in the same         order as specified in design source files, then the merged event         block will contain the logic of x, where the logic is executed         when z is ‘1’ (or ‘0’) only, then the merged event block         contains the logic of y, that is unconditionally executed         whenever z is active (i.e., changes state). For example, refer         to FIG. 2 where x and y are the event blocks at line 2 and line         3, respectively. Then depending on the target EDA tool executes         event blocks in the same or reverse order as they are specified         in design source files, the merged event block is shown in FIG.         8 and FIG. 9, respectively.     -   (e) If two event blocks x and y are triggered by the posedge (or         negedge) and the negedge (or posedge) of a signal z,         respectively, then there is no race issue, as the logic of x and         y are executed at different active edge of signal z. However, if         the event blocks are also triggered by a common signal p that         may render concurrent assignment race (see FIG. 10) for a         register driven by both event blocks, then the event blocks may         be merged into one event block as shown in FIG. 11. Note the         merged event block is triggered by the anyedge of z and the         trigger edge of p. Furthermore, if x is specified before y in         design source files, and the target EDA tool executes event         blocks in the same order as they are specified in design source         files, then the merged event block will contain the logic of y         that is executed when p is active, then it contains the logic of         x, where the logic is executed when z is ‘1’ (or ‘0’) only; and         finally the merged event block will contain the logic of y, that         is executed when z is ‘0’ (or ‘1’). However, if the target EDA         tool executes event blocks in the reverse order as they are         specified in design source files, then the logic in FIG. 10 may         be re-synthesized to the event block as shown in FIG. 12, where         the merged event block contains the logic in event block of x         that is executed when p is active, then it is followed by the         logic in event block x and y that are executed when z is ‘1’ (or         ‘0’) and ‘0’ (or ‘1’), respectively.     -   (f) Refer to FIG. 13, if two event blocks x and y are triggered         by the same clock signal (posedge or negedge) and they both         assign to and then read from the same register concurrently. If         that register (e.g., ack in FIG. 13) is not being referenced or         assigned to in other part of the design, then it can be         duplicated in each of its driving event blocks, as shown in FIG.         14, to eliminate the concurrent assignment race logic.     -   (g) If a signal is concurrently driven by multiple concurrent         assignment statements, as shown in FIG. 15, and those drivers         drive non-overlapping bits of the signal, then those concurrent         assignment statements can be converted to a single concurrent         assignment statement, as shown in FIG. 16, where the logic is         free of concurrent assignment race issue.         5.2 Race Logic Synthesis for Concurrent Assignment and Reference         Race

When two or more event blocks in an IC circuit may concurrently assign value(s) and reference a signal or register, those event blocks are involved in concurrent assignment and reference race with respect to the signal or register. Note if an event block drives register/signal via a non-blocking assignment, and another event block reference the same register/signal at the same time, there is no concurrent assignment and reference race, as the assignment is always executed after the reference of the register's/signal's value. However, if the assignment is a blocking assignment, then there is a concurrent reference and assignment race issue for the register/signal with respect to the two aforementioned event blocks.

Refer to FIG. 3, the signal x is driven and referenced by the event blocks at line 2 and line 3, respectively. The two event blocks are triggered by the positive-edge of clk and any edge of clk, respectively. Thus, when clk changes state from ‘0’ to ‘1’ (a positive edge event), both the event blocks at line 2 and line 3 in FIG. 3 will be executed concurrently. The event block at line 2 will assign the current value of signal d to x, while the event block at line 3 will reference x's value at the same time. In the IC circuit, the actual x's value read by event block at line 3 will be determined by whether it is executed before the execution of the event block at line 2 (it reads the current value of x), or after (it reads the new value of x). For the target EDA tool, the actual x's value read by the event block at line 3 will be determined by the order of evaluation of event blocks by the target EDA tool. If the target EDA tool always executes event blocks in the same order as they are specified in design source files, then event block at line 3 will reference the new value of x. However, if the target EDA tool always executes event blocks in the reverse order as they are specified in design source files, then the event block at line 3 will always reference the current value of x.

The general race logic synthesis methods for concurrent assignment and reference race are:

-   -   (h) If two or more event blocks are identified to be involved in         concurrent assignment and reference race for a signal or         register, if the process blocks that drive the signal or         register do not reference the signal or register values also,         and they are coded in HDL language(s) that supported         non-blocking assignments (e.g., Verilog and SystemVerilog), then         change the assignment type for the signal or register in all         those driver blocks to be non-blocking, so that the assignments         to the signal or registers are always performed after the signal         or register is being referenced in the other process blocks. For         example, FIG. 17 depicts the re-synthesized logic for FIG. 3,         where the assignment to signal x in the process block at line 2         has been changed to non-blocking assignment, hence this resolves         the concurrent assignment and reference race issue for signal x.     -   (i) If two or more event blocks are identified to be involved in         concurrent assignment and reference race for a signal or         register, and the process blocks that drive the signal or         register may also reference the signal or register values, or         they are coded in design languages that do not support         non-blocking assignments (e.g., VHDL or SystemC), then collect         the trigger signals for each of these event blocks. Merge these         trigger signals to form a new trigger signal list for a new         event block. If a signal is the trigger signal for two or more         event blocks, merge them according to the signal's triggering         edge for each event block as shown in Table 5. For example, if         two event blocks are triggered by the posedge (or negedge) of         signal x, then the merged event block will be triggered by the         posedge (or negedge) of signal x. On the other hand, if the two         event blocks are triggered by posedge (or negedge) and anyedge         of signal x, respectively, then the new merged event block will         be triggered by anyedge of signal x.     -   (j) If two event blocks that are involved in concurrent         assignment and reference race are triggered by the same signal         with the same trigger edge, copy the logic from the two event         blocks to the merged event block, in the order as the target EDA         tool executes event blocks. For example, if event block x is         specified before event y in design source files, and the target         EDA tool executes event blocks in the same order as they are         specified in design source files, then the new merged event         block will contain the logic for event block x first, then the         logic for event block y. However, if the target EDA tool         executes event blocks in the reverse order as that specified in         design source files, then the merged event block will contain         the logic for event block y first, then the logic for event         block x.     -   (k) If two event blocks x and y are triggered by the posedge (or         negedge) and the anyedge of a signal z, respectively, then the         merged event block will be triggered by the anyedge of z.         Furthermore, if x is specified before y in design source files,         and the target EDA tool executes event blocks in the same order         as they are specified in design source files, then the merged         event block will contain the logic of x, where the logic is         executed when z is ‘1’ (or ‘0’) only, then the merged event         block contains the logic of y, that is unconditionally executed         whenever z is active (i.e., changes state). For example, refer         to FIG. 3 where x and y are the event blocks at line 2 and line         3, respectively. Then depending on the target EDA tool executes         event blocks in the same or reverse order as they are specified         in design source files, the merged event block is as shown in         FIG. 18 and FIG. 19, respectively.     -   (l) If two event blocks x and y are triggered by the posedge (or         negedge) and the negedge (posedge) of a signal z, respectively,         then there is no race issue, as the logic of x and y are         executed at different active edges of signal z. However, if the         event blocks are also triggered by a common signal p that may         render concurrent assignment and reference race (see FIG. 20),         then the event blocks may be merged into a single event block as         shown in FIG. 21. Note the merged event block is triggered by         the anyedge of z and the trigger edge of p. Furthermore, if x is         specified before y in design source files, and the target EDA         tool executes event blocks in the same order as they are         specified in design source files, then the merged event block         will contain the logic of x and y, in the same order as they are         specified in design source file, that is executed when p is         active; then the merged event block contains the logic of x,         where the logic is executed when z is ‘1’ (or ‘0’) only, and         then it is followed by the logic of y, that is executed when z         is ‘0’ (or ‘1’). However, if the target EDA tool executes event         blocks in the reverse order as they are specified in design         source files, then the logic in FIG. 20 may be re-synthesized to         the event block as shown in FIG. 22, where the merged event         block contains the logic in event block of y and x, in the         reverse order as specified in design source file, that is         executed when p is active, then it is followed by the logic in         event block x and y that are executed when z is ‘1’ (or ‘0’) and         ‘0’ (or ‘1’), respectively.         5.3 Race Logic Synthesis for Concurrent Invocation Race of         User-Defined Functions/Tasks

When two or more user-defined functions/tasks that are invoked in different event blocks in an IC design may concurrently assign value(s) to and/or reference a same signal, register or IO stream, those functions/tasks are involved in concurrent invocation race with respect to the signal, register or IO stream. Whereas it is safe (no race logic) when two or more event blocks concurrently referencing the same signal or register, it is a race condition if two or more event blocks concurrently reading data from the same IO stream via the same stream designator, as each IO stream read will get data from a different location from the stream. Furthermore, any concurrent write/write or read/write of the same IO stream via the same or different stream designators by different event blocks may also render race logic as the exact IO stream locations where the write/write or read/write accessing is in-determinant.

Refer to FIG. 4, when the signal clk changes state from ‘0’ to ‘1’, both event blocks at line 2 and line 3 are active at the same time, and data may be read from and written to the IO stream as referenced by fd, via the $read function and the $write task, respectively. This renders concurrent assignment and reference race logic with respect to the IO stream. Specifically, if the target EDA tool executes event blocks in the same order as they are specified in design source files, data will be read from the IO stream first, then new data are written to the IO stream. However, if the target EDA tool executes event blocks in the reverse order as they are specified in design source files, new data will be written to the IO stream first, and then data are read from the IO stream. In physical chips, both event blocks in FIG. 4 will be executed concurrently, and the actual data read from the IO stream is in-determinant.

The general race synthesis methods for concurrent invocation race are:

-   -   (m) For two or more event blocks that are identified to be         involved in concurrent invocation race via two or more         user-defined functions/tasks, that may render concurrent         assignment race and/or concurrent assignment/reference race         logic for one or more user-defined signals, registers, and/or IO         streams, collect the trigger signals for each of these event         blocks. Merge these trigger signals to form a new trigger signal         list for a new event block. If a signal is the trigger signal         for two or more of the event blocks, merge them according to its         trigger edge for each event block as shown in Table 5. For         example, if two event blocks are triggered by the posedge (or         negedge) of signal x, then the merged event block will be         triggered by the posedge (or negedge) of signal x. On the other         hand, if the two event blocks are triggered by posedge (or         negedge) and anyedge of signal x, respectively, then the new         merged event block will be triggered by anyedge of signal x.     -   (n) If two event blocks are triggered by the same signal with         the same trigger edge, copy the logic from the two event blocks         to the merged event block, in the order as the target EDA tool         executes event blocks. For example, if event block x is         specified before event y in a list of HDL/ESL source files being         compiled for an IC design, and the target EDA tool executes         event blocks in the same order as they are specified in design         source files, then the new merged event block will contain the         logic for event block x first, then followed by the logic for         event blocky. However, if the target EDA tool executes event         blocks in the reverse order as that specified in design source         files, then the merged event block will contain the logic for         event block y first, then followed by the logic for event block         x.     -   (o) If two event blocks x and y are triggered by the posedge (or         negedge) and the anyedge of a signal z, respectively, then the         merged event block will be triggered by the anyedge of z.         Furthermore, if x is specified before y in design source files,         and the target EDA tool executes event blocks in the same order         as they are specified in design source files, then the merged         event block will contain the logic of x, where the logic is         executed when z is ‘1’ (or ‘0’) only, then the merged event         block contains the logic of y, that is unconditionally executed         whenever z is active (i.e., changes state). For example, refer         to FIG. 4 where x and y are the event blocks at line 2 and line         3, respectively. Then depending on the target EDA tool executes         event blocks in the same or reverse order as they are specified         in design source files, the merged event block is as shown in         FIG. 23 and FIG. 24, respectively.     -   (p) If two event blocks x and y are triggered by the posedge (or         negedge) and the negedge (or posedge) of a signal z,         respectively, then there is no race issue, as the logic of x and         y is executed at different active edge of signal z. However, if         the event blocks are also triggered by a common signal p that         may render concurrent invocation race (see FIG. 25), then the         event blocks may be merged into one event block as shown in         FIG. 26. Note the merged event block is triggered by the anyedge         of z and the trigger edge of p. Furthermore, if x is specified         before y in design source files, and the target EDA tool         executes event blocks in the same order as they are specified in         design source files, then the merged event block will contain         the logic of x and y, in the same order as specified in the         source file, that is executed when p is active, then the merged         event block contains the logic of x, where the logic is executed         when z is ‘1’ (or ‘0’) only, and that is followed by the logic         of y, that is executed when z is ‘0’ (or ‘1’). However, if the         target EDA tool executes event blocks in the reverse order as         they are specified in design source files, then the logic in         FIG. 25 may be re-synthesized to the event block as shown in         FIG. 27 where the merged event block contains the logic in event         block of y and x, in the reverse order as specified in design         source file, that is executed when p is active, then it is         followed by the logic in event block x and y that are executed         when z is ‘1’ (or ‘0’) and ‘0’ (or ‘1’), respectively.         5.4 Race Logic Synthesis for Concurrent Invocation Race of         System-Defined Functions/Tasks

When two or more event blocks in an IC design concurrently invoke system-defined functions/tasks, it may render concurrent assignment and/or concurrent assignment and reference race for one or more system signals or registers. Whereas it is safe (no race logic) when two or more event blocks concurrently reference the state of the same signal or register, it is a race condition if those event blocks concurrently invoke the same system function, like the Verilog $random, and the values returned by the system function/task to those event blocks are in-determinant, as will be explained below.

Refer to FIG. 5, when the signal clk changes state from ‘0’ to ‘1’, both event blocks at line 2 and line 3 are active at the same time, and the two event blocks will concurrently call the Verilog $random system function. Note that the $random uses the system variable seed to generate a pseudo-random number to be returned to the caller, and then the $random function will update the seed value for the next call. Thus, when the Verilog $random function is concurrently invoked by two or more event blocks, the random values as returned to those event blocks are in-determinant.

The general race synthesis methods for concurrent invocation race are:

-   -   (q) For two or more event blocks that are identified to be         involved in concurrent invocation race of two or more         system-defined functions/tasks, that may render concurrent         assignment race and/or concurrent assignment/reference race         logic for one or more system-defined signals, registers, and/or         IO streams, collect the trigger signals for each of these event         blocks. Merge these trigger signals to form a new trigger signal         list for a new event block. If a signal is the trigger signal         for two or more event blocks, merge them according to its         triggering edge for each event block as shown in Table 5. For         example, if two event blocks are triggered by the posedge (or         negedge) of signal x, then the merged event block will be         triggered by the posedge (or negedge) of signal x. On the other         hand, if the two event blocks are triggered by posedge (or         negedge) and anyedge of signal x, respectively, then the new         merged event block will be triggered by anyedge of signal x.     -   (r) If two event blocks are triggered by the same signal with         the same trigger edge, copy the logic from the two event blocks         to the merged event block, in the order as the target EDA tool         executes event blocks in design source files. For example, if         event block x is specified before event y in design source         files, and the target EDA tool executes event blocks in the same         order as they are specified in design source files, then the new         merged event block will contain the logic for event block x         first, then followed by the logic for event block y. However, if         the target EDA tool executes event blocks in the reverse order         as they are specified in design source files, then the merged         event block will contain the logic for event block y first, then         followed by the logic for event block x.     -   (s) If two event blocks x and y are triggered by the posedge (or         negedge) and the anyedge of a signal z, respectively, then the         merged event block will be triggered by the anyedge of z.         Furthermore, if x is specified before y in design source files,         and the target EDA tool executes event blocks in the same order         as they are specified in design source files, then the merged         event block will contain the logic of x, where the logic is         executed when z is ‘1’ (or ‘0’) only, then the merged event         block contains the logic of y, that is unconditionally executed         whenever z is active (i.e., changes state). For example, refer         to FIG. 5 where x and y are the event blocks at line 2 and line         3. Then depending on the target EDA tool executes event block in         the same or reverse order as they are specified in design source         files, the merged event block is as shown in FIG. 28 and FIG.         29, respectively.     -   (t) If two event blocks x and y are triggered by the posedge (or         negedge) and the negedge (or posedge) of a signal z,         respectively, then there is no race issue, as the logic of x and         y are executed at different active edge of signal z. However, if         the event blocks are also triggered by a common signal p that         may render concurrent invocation race (see FIG. 30), then the         event blocks may be merged into one event block as shown in         FIG. 31. Note the merged event block is triggered by the anyedge         of z and the trigger edge of p. Furthermore, if x is specified         before y in design source files, and the target EDA tool         executes event blocks in the same order as they are specified in         design source files, then the merged event block will contain         the logic of x and y, in the same order as they are specified in         the source files, that is executed when p is active, then the         merged event block contains the logic of x, where the logic is         executed when z is ‘1’ (or ‘0’) only, and that is followed by         the logic of y, that is executed when z is ‘0’ (or ‘1’).         However, if the target EDA tool executes event blocks in the         reverse order as they are specified in design source files, then         the logic in FIG. 30 may be re-synthesized to the event block as         shown in FIG. 32 where the merged event block contains the logic         in event block of y and x, in the reverse order as specified in         design source files, that is executed when p is active, then it         is followed by the logic in event block x and y that are         executed when z is ‘1’ (or ‘0’) and ‘0’ (or ‘1’), respectively.         5.5 Output of Re-Synthesized Logic to HDL/ESL Files

Another aspect of the invention is the capability to output revised HDL/ESL source files of an IC design that has been re-synthesized by the aforementioned race logic synthesis functions to get rid of race logic. User may provide the revised HDL/ESL sources to third party's logic synthesis and verification tools for further verification of their IC designs.

In order to be able to output revised HDL/ESL source files for an IC design, the host EDA tool must record the following information for each event block found in an IC design source file:

-   -   1. Source file path name     -   2. Design module name (or VHDL Entity/Architecture names)     -   3. The event block start line number     -   4. The event block end line number

When two or more event blocks in an IC design that render race logic are merged into a single event block, the HDL/ESL source file(s) that contain those event blocks are modified as explained below. Note that the event blocks may be in the same or different design modules (or VHDL architectures). Furthermore, if event blocks are in different modules, those modules may reside in the same or different source files.

When two or more event blocks are merged into one event block, pick the event block that has the most driving input signals/registers and output signals as the target event block to contain the merged event logic, the other event blocks that are being re-synthesized will be replaced or discarded.

Let:

-   -   I_(x) and O_(x) be the set of input and output signals of an         event block x     -   I_(y) and O_(y) be the set of input and output signals of an         event block y     -   R_(d) be the set of output signals in O_(x) and O_(y) that have         concurrent assignment race     -   R_(j) be the set of output signals in O_(x) and input signals in         I_(y) that are involved in concurrent assignment and reference         race logic         The logic in event block x and event block y can be         re-synthesized to get rid of the race logic, based on the         content of I_(x) versus I_(y) and O_(x) versus O_(y):         5.5.1: Both Event Blocks are Involved in Concurrent Assignment         Race: O_(x) and O_(y) Contain R_(d)

In this case, all logic in event x that drives the output signals in R_(d) can be merged into event block y, whereas logic in the two event blocks that drives the output signals in O_(x) and O_(y) respectively, that are not in R_(d) must be retained in the two event blocks.

For example, refer to FIG. 33, R_(d) consists of the signal x, module a and module b also have output signal y and z, respectively, hence the logic in the event block module b that drives signal x can be re-synthesized into the event block in module a, but the logic that drives signal y and z in the two event blocks is unchanged. FIG. 34 shows the re-synthesized logic of module a and module b. These modules can be written out to HDL/ESL source file(s).

Note that in FIG. 33, the event block in module a is chosen as the target to be modified because I_(x) (which consists of clk and d) contains more triggering signals for the output signal x than that of I_(y) (which consists of clk).

5.5.2: Both Event Blocks are Involved in Concurrent Assignment and Reference Race Logic: O_(x) and Iy Contain R_(j)

In this case, all logic in event block x that drives the output signals in R_(j) should be merged into event block y, whereas logic in the two event blocks that drives the output signals in O_(x) and O_(y) respectively, that are not in R_(j) must be retained in the two event blocks.

For example, refer to FIG. 35, R_(j) consists of the signal x, module a and module b also have output signal y and z, respectively. Hence the logic in the event block in module a that drives signal x will be re-synthesized into the event block in module b, but the logic that drives signal y and z in the two event blocks is unchanged. Note that in the event block in module a, x is driven by ˜d, but d is not an input signal to module b, hence we need to use the actual signal (top.il.data) that is driving the signal d in an instance of module a and use that instead of signal d in the re-synthesized event block in module b.

FIG. 36 shows the re-synthesized logic of module a and module b of FIG. 35. These modules can be written out to HDL/ESL source file(s).

5.5.3: Both Event Blocks x and y are Involved in Concurrent Invocation Race of the $Random System Function

In this case, if Ox>Oy then merge the logic that invokes $random in module b to module a, or vice versa. If the target module does not contain the signals in the other module that are driven by the $random function, then use the full path names of the actual signals that are used in an instance of the other module.

For example, refer to FIG. 37, both signal x and z are driven by the $random function. Module a is chosen to be the target module for resolving the concurrent invocation race of the $random function, but module a does not have the signal z, thus if the signal z in an instance of module b is actually connected to the signal top.il.zdata, then that signal name will be used (instead of z) in that re-synthesized module a.

FIG. 38 shows the re-synthesized logic of module a and module b of FIG. 37, that has no concurrent invocation race logic for the $random function. These modules can be written out to HDL/ESL source file(s).

5.5.4: Both Event Blocks x and y are Involved in Concurrent Invocation Race for an IO Stream

In this case, if Ox>Oy then merge the logic that is involved in concurrent race of an IO stream in module b to module a, or vice versa. If the target module does not contain the signals in the other module that are referenced in the concurrent invocation race, then use full path names of the actual signals that are used in an instance of the other module.

For example, refer to FIG. 39, both signal x and d are involved in a concurrent invocation race of an IO stream as referenced by a stream designator fd. Module a is chosen to be the target module for resolving the concurrent invocation race for the IO stream, but module a does not have the signal d, thus if the signal d in an instance of module b that is actually connected to the signal top.il.data, then that signal name will be used (instead of d) in that re-synthesized module a.

FIG. 40 shows the re-synthesized logic of module a and module b of FIG. 39, that has no concurrent invocation race logic for the IO stream designated by fd. These modules can be written out to HDL/ESL source file(s). 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A computer implemented method of performing race logic synthesis on an integrated circuit (IC) design, comprising: (a) Compiling by computer, an IC design source files, coded in any one or a combination of HDL (hardware description language) and/or ESL (electronic system level) design languages, into a design data base; (b) Performing static and/or dynamic race logic analysis of the IC design, either by a host application, or by an external race logic audit tool, or the combination of both; (c) Determining the execution order of process blocks of the IC design in the design database, either using the default process block execution order by the host application or obtaining that order from user; (d) Executing the race logic synthesis functions to get rid of all race logic, as detected in (b), in the compiled IC design database; (e) As a user-specified option or a default action of the host application, generating updated HDL/ESL source files for the IC design, where race logic has been remedied by the race logic synthesis functions in (d), wherein step d comprises: (f) analyzing all circuit signals and registers in the IC design that have been determined to be involved in concurrent assignment race logic, and re-synthesizing the driving process blocks of these signals and registers, to eliminate the race logic while retaining the original logic functions of the IC design; (g) analyzing all circuit signals and registers in the IC design that have been determined to be involved in concurrent assignment and reference race logic, and re-synthesizing the driving and driven process blocks of these signals and registers, to eliminate the race logic while retaining the original logic functions of the IC design; (h) analyzing all process blocks in the IC design that have been determined to be involved in concurrent invocation race via user- and/or system-defined functions/tasks, and re-synthesizing them to eliminate the concurrent invocation race logic while retaining the original logic functions of the IC design.
 2. A computer implemented method of performing race logic synthesis on an integrated circuit (IC) design, comprising: (a) compiling by computer, an IC design source files, coded in any one or a combination of HDL (hardware description language) and/or ESL (electronic system level) design languages, into a design data base; (b) performing static and/or dynamic race logic analysis of the IC design, either by a host application, or by an external race logic audit tool, or the combination of both; (c) determining the execution order of process blocks of the IC design in the design database, either using the default process block execution order by the host application or obtaining that order from user; (d) executing the race logic synthesis functions to get rid of all race logic, as detected in (b), in the compiled IC design database; (e) as a user-specified option or a default action of the host application, generating updated HDL/ESL source files for the IC design, where race logic has been remedied by the race logic synthesis functions in (d); (f) For each signal or register object that has been identified as having concurrent assignment race issue, as in step (b), if there are only two driving process blocks for the register or signal object, and they all use blocking (non-blocking) assignment to drive the signal or register object, and at least one of them does not reference the signal or register object's value, then replacing all the assignments in that process block for the signal or register object to be non-blocking (blocking), which imposes a deterministic assignment order by the two process blocks for the signal or register object, and hence resolving the concurrent assignment race logic; (g) If step (f) is not applicable for a signal or register object that is identified as having concurrent assignment race issue, collecting the driving factors for each driving process block of the signal or register object; (h) Collecting all driving process blocks of the signal or register object that have one or more driving factors that are compatible; (i) Replacing all driving process blocks that have compatible driving factors by one single driving process block to impose a deterministic assignment order to the signal or register object in the merged driving process block; (j) As an alternative to (i), if every driving process block of a register or signal object always assigns to the object and then reads values from that object, and the register or signal object is not being referenced in other part of the IC design, then the register or signal object can be duplicated in each of its driving process blocks, with no change to the driving process blocks' logic, to eliminate concurrent assignment race logic to the register or signal object; and (k) As another alternative to (i), if a signal or register is driven by multiple drivers, via process blocks and/or concurrent assignment statements, that drive non-overlapping bits of the signal or register, then replace all those drivers into a single driving concurrent assignment statement or a process block, where the signal or register is driven by the concatenation of all the driving expressions of those former drivers, in the order corresponding to the bit order of the signal or register that those former drivers drive.
 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the operation of (g) further comprises the step of collecting the driving factors for each driving process block of a signal or register object, wherein the driving factors comprise: triggering signals to the process block; a trigger event type; possible delays in assigning a new state to the signal or register; the assignment type; possible enabling conditions which control the assignment event; and an assigned new state value or driving signals and/or registers.
 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the operation of (h) further comprises checking if any two sets of driving factors for two driving process blocks of a signal or register object are compatible simultaneously, wherein the two sets of driving factors are compatible if they contains one or more the same trigger signals that are triggered with compatible event types, and the signal or register object could be assigned with different logic values, with the same assignment type, at the same time when the triggered signals are active.
 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the trigger event types of a trigger signal in two driving factors are compatible if they are of the same event type (positive-edge, negative-edge or any-edge), one is positive-edge and the other is any-edge, or one is negative-edge and the other is any-edge.
 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the assignment types in two driving factors are compatible if they are both blocking assignment type or both non-blocking assignment type.
 7. The method of claim 2 wherein the operation of (i) further comprises replacing all the driving process blocks that are found to have compatible driving factors by a new driving process block, wherein the new driving process block will contain all the HDL/ESL code of the replaced driving process blocks, and the new driving process block will be triggered by a single driving factors.
 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising the step of creating new driving factors for the newly created driving process block for a signal or register object, wherein the new driving factors will contain the union of all the triggered signals in the driving factors of the replaced process blocks, and if the trigger event types of a trigger signal in the replaced driving factors are the same (e.g., all are positive-edge trigger, all are negative-edge trigger, or all are any-edge trigger), then using the same trigger event type for the trigger signal in the new driving factors, and if the trigger event types of a trigger signal in the replaced driving factors are not the same, then using the any-edge trigger event type for the trigger signal in the new driving factors.
 9. The method of claim 7 further comprising the step of merging all HDL/ESL code of the replaced driving process blocks into a new driving process block further comprising determining the order of the replaced driving process blocks that are specified in the HDL/ESL source files, and the orders of process block execution in step (c) and if the order of execution of process blocks is the same as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files, the merged driving process block contains the HDL/ESL code of the replaced process blocks, in the same order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files, and if the execution of process blocks are in the reverse order as specified in the HDL/ESL source files, then the merged driving process block contains the HDL/ESL code of the replaced process blocks, in the reverse order as those process blocks are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.
 10. The method of claim 9 further comprises comprising the step of adding a controlling expression for the HDL/ESL code from a replaced process block when the code is copied to the merged driving process block when a replaced driving process block is triggered by a positive-edge (or negative-edge) of a trigger signal, wherein the merged process block is triggered by the any-edge of that trigger signal, wherein the controlling condition consists of the trigger signal's value equals logic ‘1’ (or trigger signal's value equal logic ‘0’) for the copied HDL/ESL code to be executed when the merged driving process block is active, and if there are multiple trigger signals in the controlling condition, the trigger signals' asserted states are logically OR'ed together to form a new controlling expression.
 11. A computer implemented method of performing race logic synthesis on an integrated circuit (IC) design, comprising: (a) compiling by computer, an IC design source files, coded in any one or a combination of HDL (hardware description language) and/or ESL (electronic system level) design languages, into a design data base; (b) performing static and/or dynamic race logic analysis of the IC design, either by a host application, or by an external race logic audit tool, or the combination of both; (c) determining the execution order of process blocks of the IC design in the design database, either using the default process block execution order by the host application or obtaining that order from user; (d) executing the race logic synthesis functions to get rid of all race logic, as detected in (b), in the compiled IC design database; (e) as a user-specified option or a default action of the host application, generating updated HDL/ESL source files for the IC design, where race logic has been remedied by the race logic synthesis functions in (d); (f) For each signal or register object that is identified as involved in concurrent assignment and reference race logic, according to step (b), changing all assignments in all the driving process blocks for the target signal or register object to be non-blocking assignments, if all the driving process blocks are coded in design languages that support non-blocking assignments, and all the driving process blocks do not reference the signal or register object's values; (g) If the conditions set forth in (f) cannot be applied, examining the signal or register object that is identified as having concurrent assignment and reference race issue, and collecting the driving factors for each driving (source) process block and for each driven (sink) process block of the signal or register object; (h) Collecting all driving and driven process blocks of the signal or register object that have one or more driving factors that are compatible; and (i) Replacing all driving and driven process blocks that have compatible driving factors by one process block, so as to impose a deterministic assignment and reference order of the signal or register object in the merged process block.
 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the operation of (g) further comprises collecting the driving factors for each driving and driven process block of a signal or register object, wherein the driving factors comprise: triggering signals to the process block; a trigger event type; possible delays in assigning a new state to or referencing the value of the signal or register object; the assignment type; possible enabling conditions which control the assignment or reference event.
 13. The method of claim 11 wherein the operation of (h) further comprises checking if any two sets of driving factors for a driving process block and a driven process block of a signal or register object are compatible simultaneously, wherein the two sets of driving factors are compatible if they contains one or more the same trigger signals that are triggered with compatible event types, and the signal or register object could be assigned with a new value and be referenced at the same time, and the assignment type is a blocking assignment, when the triggered signals are active.
 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the trigger event types of a trigger signal in two driving factors are compatible if they are the same event type (positive-edge, negative-edge or any-edge), one is positive-edge and the other is any-edge, or one is negative-edge and the other is any-edge.
 15. The method of claim 11 wherein the operation of (i) further comprises replacing all the driving and driven process blocks that are found to have compatible driving factors by a new merged process block that contains all the HDL/ESL code of the replaced driving and driven process blocks, and the new process block is triggered by a single driving factors.
 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of creating new driving factors for the newly created process block for a signal or register object that contains all triggered signals in the driving factors of the replaced process blocks, and if the trigger event types of a trigger signal in the replaced driving factors are the same, then using the same trigger event type for the trigger signal in the new driving factors, if the trigger event types of a trigger signal in the replaced driving factors are not the same, then using the any-edge trigger event type for the trigger signal in the new driving factors.
 17. The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of merging all HDL/ESL code of the replaced driving and driven process blocks into the new merged process block further comprising determining the order of the replaced driving and driven process blocks that are specified in the HDL/ESL source files, and the order of process block execution as obtained in step (c), and if the order of execution of process blocks is the same as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files, the merged process block will contained the HDL/ESL code of the replaced driving and driven process blocks, in the same order as those process blocks are specified in the HDL/ESL source files, and if the execution of process blocks are in the reverse order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files, then the merged process block contains the HDL/ESL code of the replaced driving and driven process blocks, in the reverse order as those process blocks are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.
 18. The method of claim 17 further comprising the step of adding a controlling expression for the HDL/ESL code from a replaced process block when the code is copied to the merged process block when a replaced driving or driven process block is triggered by a positive-edge (or negative-edge) of a trigger signal, wherein the merged process block is triggered by the any-edge of that trigger signal, wherein the controlling condition consists of the trigger signal's value equals logic ‘1’ (or trigger signal's value equals logic ‘0’) in order for the copied HDL/ESL code to be executed when the merged process block is active, and if there are multiple trigger signals in a controlling condition, the trigger signals' asserted states are logically OR'ed together to form a new controlling expression.
 19. A computer implemented method of performing race logic synthesis on an integrated circuit (IC) design, comprising: (a) compiling by computer, an IC design source files, coded in any one or a combination of HDL (hardware description language) and/or ESL (electronic system level) design languages, into a design data base; (b) performing static and/or dynamic race logic analysis of the IC design, either by a host application, or by an external race logic audit tool, or the combination of both; (c) determining the execution order of process blocks of the IC design in the design database, either using the default process block execution order by the host application or obtaining that order from user; (d) executing the race logic synthesis functions to get rid of all race logic, as detected in (b), in the compiled IC design database; (e) as a user-specified option or a default action of the host application, generating updated HDL/ESL source files for the IC design, where race logic has been remedied by the race logic synthesis functions in (d); (f) Examining each user- or system-defined function or task that is identified, as according to step (b), as having concurrent invocation race issue, and collecting the driving factors for each process block that invoke the function or task; (g) Collecting all process blocks for the function or task that have one or more driving factors that are compatible; and (h) Replacing all those process blocks that have compatible driving factors by one process block, so as to impose a deterministic invocation order of the function or task in the merged process block.
 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the operation of (f) further comprises collecting the driving factors for each process block of the function or task, wherein the driving factors comprise: triggering signals to the process block; a trigger event type; possible delays in invocation of the function or task; possible enabling conditions which control the invocation event.
 21. The method of claim 19 wherein the operation of (g) further comprises checking if any two sets of driving factors for two process blocks of the function or task are compatible simultaneously, wherein two sets of driving factors are compatible if they contains one or more the same trigger signals that are triggered with compatible event types, and the function or task could be invoked in those two process blocks at the same time, when the triggered signals are active.
 22. The method of claim 21 wherein the trigger event types of a trigger signal in two driving factors are compatible if they are the same event type (positive-edge, negative-edge or any-edge), one is positive-edge and the other is any-edge, or one is negative-edge and the other is any-edge.
 23. The method of claim 19 wherein the operation of (h) further comprises replacing all the process blocks that are found to have compatible driving factors by a new merged process block, wherein the new process block will contain all the HDL/ESL code of the replaced process blocks, and the new process block will be triggered by a single driving factors.
 24. The method of claim 23 further comprises comprising the step of creating new driving factors for the newly created process block for a function or task, wherein the new driving factors contains all the triggered signals in the driving factors of the replaced process blocks and if the trigger event types of a trigger signal in the replaced driving factors are the same, then using the same trigger event type for the trigger signal in the new driving factors. However, if the trigger event types of a trigger signal in the replaced driving factors are not the same, then using the any-edge trigger event type for the trigger signal in the new driving factors.
 25. The method of claim 23 further comprising the step of merging all HDL/ESL code of the replaced process blocks into the new merged process block by determining the order of appearance of the replaced process blocks as specified in the HDL/ESL source files, and the order of process blocks execution as in step (c), and if the order of execution of process blocks is the same as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files, the merged process block contains the HDL/ESL code of the replaced process blocks, in the same order as those process blocks are specified in the HDL/ESL source files and, if the execution of process blocks are in the reverse order as they are specified in the HDL/ESL source files, then the merged process block contains the HDL/ESL code of the replaced process blocks, in the reverse order as those process blocks are specified in the HDL/ESL source files.
 26. The method of claim 25 further comprising the step of adding a controlling expression for the HDL/ESL code from a replaced process block when the code is copied to the merged process block when a replaced process block is triggered by a positive-edge (or negative-edge) of a trigger signal, wherein the merged process block is triggered by the any-edge of that trigger signal, wherein the controlling condition will consist of the trigger signal's value equals logic ‘1’ (or trigger signal's value equals logic ‘0’) in order for the copied HDL/ESL code to be executed when the merged process block is active, wherein if there are multiple trigger signals in a controlling condition, the trigger signals' asserted states are logically OR'ed together to form a new controlling expression.
 27. A computer implemented method of performing race logic synthesis on an integrated circuit (IC) design, comprising: (a) compiling by computer, an IC design source files, coded in any one or a combination of HDL (hardware description language) and/or ESL (electronic system level) design languages, into a design data base; (b) performing static and/or dynamic race logic analysis of the IC design, either by a host application, or by an external race logic audit tool, or the combination of both; (c) determining the execution order of process blocks of the IC design in the design database, either using the default process block execution order by the host application or obtaining that order from user; (d) executing the race logic synthesis functions to get rid of all race logic, as detected in (b), in the compiled IC design database; (e) as a user-specified option or a default action of the host application, generating updated HDL/ESL source files for the IC design, where race logic has been remedied by the race logic synthesis functions in (d); wherein step (e) further comprises writing out race logic synthesized IC design logic to new HDL/ESL source files by: (f) Obtaining user input to select the generation of update HDL/ESL files for the re-synthesized logic and if the user input is negative, no updated HDL/ESL source files is generated; (g) For each event block in an IC design database, recording the block's source file path name, the start and end line numbers of that event block in the source file, and the input and output signals and registers that are connected to the event block; (h) Creating new HDL/ESL source files that contain the merged process blocks that eliminate the concurrent assignment race of signals and registers, concurrent assignment and reference race of signals and registers, and concurrent invocation race of user- and system-defined functions/tasks; (i) Naming all the updated HDL/ESL source files with the same names as their original file names, but with a new file name extension or alternatively renaming all original HDL/ESL source files that contains the replaced process blocks with different names, and naming all updated HDL/ESL files as generated in (f) with corresponding original file names.
 28. The method of claim 27 wherein step (h) further comprises for each HDL/ESL source file that contains replaced process blocks, deleting the original process blocks, except one in the updated HDL/ESL file.
 29. The method of claim 28 further comprising replacing the un-deleted process block by a newly created merged process block, in the same design module as the replaced process block and if the new process block is being driven or drives signals and/or registers that are not connected to the design module that hosts the new process block, replacing those driven and driving signals and/or registers by their hierarchical full path names, wherein the design module containing the merged process block and other (un-modified) design modules in the same source file are written out to the updated HDL/ESL source file. 